Toolbox

An overview of the methods, concepts, and software that power the simulations and analyses on this site.

The Historical Digital Twin

A core concept for building dynamic, agent-based models of past environments to test historical "what-if" scenarios.

Agent-Based Modeling

Simulating the actions and interactions of autonomous agents (like households or businesses) to see emergent, system-wide patterns.

Geospatial Analysis (QGIS)

Using open-source GIS software to digitize historical maps, analyze spatial data, and prepare environments for simulation.

NetLogo

A programmable modeling environment for building, visualizing, and running agent-based simulations.